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Topaz is a silicate mineral of fluorine and aluminium. It appears in many colours including yellow, grey, red and colourless – and very rarely, pale blue or pink. Due to its rarity in nature, blue topaz is most commonly obtained by heating and irradiation of colourless topaz. It registers 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it almost as hard as sapphire and tougher than tanzanite. As with all crystals, topaz can be brittle and should be treated with care